Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) was a German composer and pianist widely regarded as one of the most important and influential figures in Western classical music. Born in Bonn and later based in Vienna, Beethoven’s work marked a turning point between the Classical and Romantic eras. His compositions—ranging from symphonies, concertos, and chamber music to piano sonatas and choral works—expanded the expressive power of music and redefined its emotional depth.

Despite gradually losing his hearing beginning in his late 20s, Beethoven continued to compose groundbreaking music, including his famous Fifth and Ninth Symphonies, the “Moonlight” Sonata, and the Missa solemnis. His later works, written in near-total deafness, pushed musical boundaries and continue to inspire generations of musicians and listeners. Beethoven’s legacy endures as a symbol of artistic innovation, resilience, and the profound impact of music on the human spirit.

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